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How can good governance promote development?

By ensuring transparency, accountability, and effective use of resources.

What is the role of microfinance in development?

It provides small loans to the poor to support entrepreneurship and income generation.

How can economic integration help development?

It can increase market access and promote efficiency through competition.

Name a multilateral development institution.

The World Bank or International Monetary Fund (IMF).

What is one aim of debt relief for developing countries?

To free up resources for development spending.

How can education programs promote development?

They improve human capital and productivity, supporting long-term growth.

What is the purpose of the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?

It measures gender-based disadvantage in reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market participation.

What is a poverty trap?

A self-reinforcing cycle where low income leads to low savings, low investment, and therefore continued low income.

How does corruption act as a barrier to development?

It misallocates resources, undermines institutions, and discourages foreign and domestic investment.

What are the main limitations of using GDP per capita to measure development?

It ignores income distribution, quality of life, and environmental sustainability.

What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?

A composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income.

Name one internal barrier to development.

Inadequate infrastructure or poor governance.

Why is access to international markets important for development?

It allows developing countries to specialize, gain from trade, and attract foreign investment.

What is the Happy Planet Index (HPI)?

An index that measures sustainable well-being combining life expectancy, well-being, and ecological footprint.

Why is dependence on primary products a barrier to development?

Because prices are volatile and terms of trade often decline, leading to unstable export revenues.

What is the difference between economic growth and economic development?

Growth refers to increased output; development includes improvements in well-being.

How does income inequality affect development?

It can lead to social unrest and limit access to health and education.

What is the role of NGOs in development?

They provide aid, services, and advocacy in areas where governments may be ineffective.

How does poor infrastructure hinder economic development?

It limits access to markets, reduces productivity, and increases transaction costs for businesses.

What is import substitution?

A strategy to replace foreign imports with domestic production to encourage self-sufficiency.

Name one environmental indicator of development.

CO2 emissions per capita.

Give one example of a social indicator of development.

Literacy rate or infant mortality rate.

How does diversification help promote development?

Reduces reliance on primary exports and creates more resilient economies.

How can poverty cycles hinder development?

Low income leads to low investment in health and education, which reduces productivity and keeps incomes low.

What is a common political barrier to economic development?

Corruption or weak institutions.

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China Slashes Tariffs for Developing Nations

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